Class 9th ( Chemistry)

CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTTS IN CHEMISTRY

1. Jabber bin Hayyan:

Time period: 721- 803 A.D

Introduction:

Jabber bin Hayyan is generally known as the father of chemistry and he was probably the first scientist who had a well-established laboratory.

Inventions:

He invented experimental methods such as distillation , sublimation, filtration, extraction of metals etc.

Preparations:

He prepared Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid and white lead.

2. Muhammad lbn -e- Zakaryia Al –Razi:

Al -Razi was a physician, chemist and a philosopher.

Books:

He wrote 26 books but the most famous book was AI-Asrar.In this book, he discussed the different processes of Chemistry.

Division of substances and living organism:

He was the first chemist to divide the chemical compounds into four types and also divides the substances into living and non-living origin.

Preparation:

He prepared alcohol by fermentation.

3. Al - Beruni :

Time period: (973 - 1048 A.D):

Contribution in different subjects:

He made greater contribution in the field ofPhysics, Meta-physics, Mathematics, Geography,astronomy and History.

Contribution in chemistry:

In the field of Chemistry, he understood the different chemical procedures and

chemical combinations. He determined the densities of different substances.

4. Ibne-sina :

Time period:

980- 1037 A.D

Contribution in different subjects:

He made greater contribution in the field of Mathematics, Medicine, philosophy ,astronomy and medical sciences.

Idea about gold formation:

He is the first scientist who reject the idea that metals can be converted into gold.